Ae, pūtētahi rānei, he ara rānei? maku e whakamutu. I te tirohanga tuatahi, ka kite ai ngā kaupapa nei i te whaiaro nui. Nā, he iti noa iho tētahi mea matua ke ki te hono i ngā pūtētahi me ngā ara: he hāpai i te nama o te kāwhea paihere. Ko te nama he mea nui mo te hanga i ngā pūtētahi me ngā ara, ā, ka whāia ake tō mātau mōhiohio i ēnei wāhi nui.
Nā reira, Te Uara o te Kāwhea Paihere i roto i ngā Pūtētahi
Ko ngā pūtētahi ka whakamahi i tētahi ropu whānui o ngā mīhini e whakaarotia ana i te ao, ko ngā rorohiko, ko ngā pōkere, me ngā paetū. He ngā tāngata enei ko ngā kaiwhakaae i te mahi o ēnei mīhini. He mea nui ngā hāpai paihere pērā i te m etana hei hanga i ēnei mīhini.
Ko te hanganga he whakatakoto hukahuka (meteina). Ko tēnei te wā i tae mai ai ngā rūrū 3D-tinana iti i meinga ki tōna mataki, e tirotiro ana e tētahi kiriwhara iti. Ko tēnei he mea nui i roto i te hanga pūtahi, nō reira ka puta ngā raarangi iti nei hei hāngai i ngā wharekura kia mahi ai ō mātau tūtohi. Ko tēnei te āhuatanga e mahi ai ō mātau tūtohi, kāore i ēnei raarangi iti ka korerotia te whakamutunga.
Purenga: Ko te meteina purenga matua kei runga i te meteina tawhito, nā tērā e kore e mau i ngā whakaputu, pērā i te wai rānei ko ētahi atu hāpai hukahuka. Ka puta ngā whakaputu hei mate i te kaiwhakatutuki i te wāhereke. Hei tauira, ki te nui ake te wai rānei ko ētahi atu hāpai hukahuka i roto i te hononga, i muri i te whakakī i ngā poraka sīleni me te whakatū i te tūtohi pūnaha, ka taea e ia te whakaheke i te tūtohi pūnaha. Nā reira, ka nui te whakaaweawe i te whakamahi i te meteina purenga i tēnei waahanga hei hanga i ngā pūnaha whakamutunga, kia pai ai ngā mahi katoa.
He Aha te Meteina Purenga Matua hei Taumata Whakamāramaa mō ngā Pūtau Kāmuri
Ngā pūkohu awhiwhi, e rite ana ki ngā pūkohu whakatō i te kōwhaiwai hoki, e kitea ana e tētahi nui o ngā tangata mā te wāhi iti i te hoko me te hanga i ngā tikanga tika. Ko ētahi atu he mea whakapono ko te hanga i te wā i te tūpono ka tiaki i te taiao i te mate. He pai noa te hau meteina ki te whakahaere i te hanga o ēnei pūkohu, nā tērā e āwhina ana ki te hanga i te plazema hei whakawehewehe i ngā hau me te hanga i te anuhe harakeke e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i ngā pūkohu.
Ko te meteina matatika nui e whai mai ana hei whakatū i te anuhe harakeke e hiahiatia ana mo te whakatō i te pūkohu. Ko te meteina tuara whakatakoto hau ka whakarerekēhia i roto i tētahi whare hanga, ka whakamutu ai te anuhe ki tētahi mataehe. Ko tētahi momo whakahaere he whakahaere e mōhiotia nei hei whakatō anuhe haere, ka whakaputa i te ara tino tika i te wehe i te pūkohu i runga i te whenua. Nō te mea ka tohu te mahi nei, ka taea e ngā pūtaiao e hanga nei te whakatō i ngā pūkohu e kitea ana he rite rawa ki ēnei i kitea i te ao.
He maha ngā pūtake pai o te whakamahi i te methanera hei hanga i ngā kōpū pūngao hokitika. Ko tēnei e whakarite ana i ngā mea kia horoi, ā, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakahaere tino tika i te mahi katoa. Minafi: Ka taea e mātou te hanga i tētahi kōpū pūngao hoki ko te kōpū pūngao ture. Hei reira ka tae mai ngā kōpū pūngao hei whakamahi e te tangata katoa, kaua hoki hei whakarerekē nui i te taiao i te hunga i te nohoanga i ngā kōpū pūngao nui rawa.
Whakaahua Pūnenga: Methane Kīwaha
Nō reira i tōna whakamahi i roto i te whakatakoto poraka, he mea hiahia anō hoki te methane kīwaha mō te hanga i te whakaahua. Whakaahua: Whakapapa rārangi ki runga i tētahi mata (he mea hiahia ki te hanga i ngā pūnenga whakatū) Whakaatu i tētahi kōwhai: ko tēnei he iti noa iho nā runga i te whakaaweawe i tētahi whatu iti iti.
I whakamahia te phenyltriethoxysilane hei tūmomo silicona, ā, me te methane kīwaha Hāpora kua whakamahi ano hei matau karbona mō te lithography. Kua wera ia ki te whai i tētahi plasma i te hainatia mai rānei i ētahi ara hau. Ko tēnei momo plasma ka whakamahi hei whakakopa pūtake ki runga i tētahi mata ki te whakahokia nei he wāhanga o tētahi semi-conductor. He nui ngā wāhanga nei, nā te mea e whakaaweawe ana rātou i te huringa o te hiko ki ngā rīpoata whānuitia.
Mētena Whakatipu Tino Pūmau āngāo me te Rorohiko Taiao
Nā reira, kua mōhio he nui ngā mahi o te whakaputa i te waea mētena tino pau ki te hanga i ngā semi-conductors me ngā kōpuhupuhu ahuwhenua. Nā ngā taiepa taketake o te Argon e ai ki te pai rawa, me te whiwhi i ngā pai tae noa.
I whakamahi ngā pūnaha me te hangarau mihiroa i te meteina o te waenga tūtahi mō ētahi tau, hei tūmanako hoki i roto i te hangi rīpeka. Ka nui ake te nohoanga o te hunga rangahau i te whakaputa i ngā take matihiko hou ki te whakamahi i te meteina waenganui, ka noho rātou i waenganui i ngā take mahi nei. Ki te whakatau, e pai ana kia whakaae atu tātou i te nui o te whakahanga i te ara whakamua i te kaihanga i te kohinga taonga kotahi rawa.
Te Meteina Waenganui ki te Whakawhanake i ngā Pounamu
Ki te mutunga, ka tēmariu tātou ki te tirohia he aha te mea nui o te ara whakamahi i te hā meteina ki te whakapiki i ngā pounamu i roto i ngā toipara. Mō ētahi tau, kua whakamahiia hei hanga i ngā pounamu hōu o te toipara me te pai. Ko te whakapiki i ngā pounamu he wāhanga i whakapai ai ngā take o te whenua, ka whakamahi i te paepae nui me te werawera nui ki te hanga i ngā kōwhatu pounamu.
Kāore anō te meteina i te whakamārama hei tūmomo kai mā te mātou, ā, nō reira ka noho tēnei i roto i te hanga ake o ngā kararehe ki runga i te pae iti nei. Ko te pai mea i tēnei mahi he whakatika i ngā kararehe kua kitea e ai ki te pai mea. Heoi, ko ngā hainuku i roto i ngā meteina hei hanga kararehe ka puta ngā kararehe kua herehere, kaore i pai.
Whakauru rere kei te take rangitaki
Ki te kawe atu, ko te wāhi nui o te meteina i te pai, ka whakamahi i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa, pērā i te hanga ake o ngā paoroiti me ngā kararehe. Nā ana āhuatanga nui, ko te arana he mea nui i roto i te mahi hanga me te taea i te hanga i ngā mea pai katoa, kāore i ngā mataki. Ko te AGEM he hunga hanga me te pai o ngā hokinga pai, e tutuki ana i te meteina, me te manaakitanga i te kaiwhakarite pai i waenganui i ngā wā katoa. Ka hiahia tātou ki te āpōpō, ka noho tonu te meteina pai i roto i te hunga pai e whai hua ana.
Ngā Kupu o roto
- Metenhi Whai Painga I waenganui o ngā Pūmotu & Kōhatu Arohaehae
- Nā reira, Te Uara o te Kāwhea Paihere i roto i ngā Pūtētahi
- He Aha te Meteina Purenga Matua hei Taumata Whakamāramaa mō ngā Pūtau Kāmuri
- Whakaahua Pūnenga: Methane Kīwaha
- Mētena Whakatipu Tino Pūmau āngāo me te Rorohiko Taiao
- Te Meteina Waenganui ki te Whakawhanake i ngā Pounamu
- Whakauru rere kei te take rangitaki